Approaches of Language:
An approach is the level at which assumptions and beliefs about language and language learning are specified.
An approach to language consists of the techniques and activities we decide to use to learn a language which is based on our beliefs about language and how it is learnt An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning.
1. The Relational Approach-
The relational approach is meant to grasp the language system and infer meaning from the context.
Guidelines of Relational Approach-
(i) Discover as much as you can about the language.
(ii) Use your observational skills to observe and to understand what is going on around you.
(iii) Use your creative ability to find ways to practice using the language.
2. The Analytical Approach-
The Analytical approach helps to create the ability to analyze and understand the organizing principles of language systems.
Guidelines to use Analytical Approach-
(i) Base your language on lots of written or audio texts.
(ii) Spend time doing things with people
(iii) Use techniques that require you to actually process messages in the language to acquire real communicative ability.
The Structured Approach-
The structured approach is meant to thoroughly structure a program.
Guidelines to use structured approach-
(i) Plan well
(ii) Use your problem solving ability to figure out how the language works.
The Energetic Approach-
The energetic approach helps to keep your learning style preferences in mind and includes lots of unstructured time and variety.
Guidelines to use the structured approach-
(i) Build basic vocabulary
(ii) Find creative ways to practice using the language
(iii) Use a lot of communicative activities.
Eight Approaches to Language Teaching:
1. Grammar Translation Method -
Students are presented with target - language reading passages and answer question that follows. Other activities include translating literary passages from one language into the other, memorizing grammar rules, and memorizing native language equivalents of target language vocabulary.
2. Direct Method -
The direct method allows students to perceive meaning directly through the language because no translation is allowed. Visual aids are used to clarify the meaning of vocabulary items and concepts. Students speak a great deal in target language as if in real situations.
3. Audio - Lingual Method-
The learner after listening the audio repeats the patterns until able to produce them spontaneously.
4. The Silent Way-
The teacher’s silence helps foster self reliance and student initiative. The teacher is active in setting up situation, while the students do most of the talking and interacting.
5. Suggestopedia-
The learning environment is relaxed and subdued with low lighting and soft music in the background. Students choose a name and character in the target language and culture and imagine that person. Dialogues are presented to the accompaniment of music. Students just relax and listen to them being read and later playfully practice the language during an activation phase.
6.Community Language Learning-
By understanding and accepting student’s fears, teachers help the students to feel secure and overcome their fear and thus help them harness positive energy for learning. The syllabus used is learner generated. The students choose what they want to learn in the target language.
7. Total Physical Response Method-
Students demonstrate their comprehension by acting out commands issued by the teacher. Activities are designed to be fun and to allow students to assume active learning roles.
8. The Communicative Approach-
Students usually work with authentic material in small groups on communicative activities, during which they learn automatically.
An approach is the level at which assumptions and beliefs about language and language learning are specified.
An approach to language consists of the techniques and activities we decide to use to learn a language which is based on our beliefs about language and how it is learnt An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning.
1. The Relational Approach-
The relational approach is meant to grasp the language system and infer meaning from the context.
Guidelines of Relational Approach-
(i) Discover as much as you can about the language.
(ii) Use your observational skills to observe and to understand what is going on around you.
(iii) Use your creative ability to find ways to practice using the language.
2. The Analytical Approach-
The Analytical approach helps to create the ability to analyze and understand the organizing principles of language systems.
Guidelines to use Analytical Approach-
(i) Base your language on lots of written or audio texts.
(ii) Spend time doing things with people
(iii) Use techniques that require you to actually process messages in the language to acquire real communicative ability.
The Structured Approach-
The structured approach is meant to thoroughly structure a program.
Guidelines to use structured approach-
(i) Plan well
(ii) Use your problem solving ability to figure out how the language works.
The Energetic Approach-
The energetic approach helps to keep your learning style preferences in mind and includes lots of unstructured time and variety.
Guidelines to use the structured approach-
(i) Build basic vocabulary
(ii) Find creative ways to practice using the language
(iii) Use a lot of communicative activities.
Eight Approaches to Language Teaching:
1. Grammar Translation Method -
Students are presented with target - language reading passages and answer question that follows. Other activities include translating literary passages from one language into the other, memorizing grammar rules, and memorizing native language equivalents of target language vocabulary.
2. Direct Method -
The direct method allows students to perceive meaning directly through the language because no translation is allowed. Visual aids are used to clarify the meaning of vocabulary items and concepts. Students speak a great deal in target language as if in real situations.
3. Audio - Lingual Method-
The learner after listening the audio repeats the patterns until able to produce them spontaneously.
4. The Silent Way-
The teacher’s silence helps foster self reliance and student initiative. The teacher is active in setting up situation, while the students do most of the talking and interacting.
5. Suggestopedia-
The learning environment is relaxed and subdued with low lighting and soft music in the background. Students choose a name and character in the target language and culture and imagine that person. Dialogues are presented to the accompaniment of music. Students just relax and listen to them being read and later playfully practice the language during an activation phase.
6.Community Language Learning-
By understanding and accepting student’s fears, teachers help the students to feel secure and overcome their fear and thus help them harness positive energy for learning. The syllabus used is learner generated. The students choose what they want to learn in the target language.
7. Total Physical Response Method-
Students demonstrate their comprehension by acting out commands issued by the teacher. Activities are designed to be fun and to allow students to assume active learning roles.
8. The Communicative Approach-
Students usually work with authentic material in small groups on communicative activities, during which they learn automatically.
