CTET & DSSSB 2017 Exam Study Notes: Imperialism and Colonialism
Dear Readers,
History plays an important role in securing your success in teaching exams like CTET 2017 Exam, DSSSB 2017 Exam. Keeping in view the importance of NCF, today we are sharing a post on Imperialism and Colonialism. Read the article for your sure success in upcoming CTET 2017 Exam.
1. Slave-Trade:- The Trade in African slaves was started by the Portuguese. The American President Abraham Lincon ended the slave-trade.
2. Suez Canal:- This Canal was completed in 1869. Disralli, the British Prime Minister described the Canal as “a highway to our Indian empire.”
3. The World-Wide Economic Crisis:- The World-Wide ecnomic crisis began in 1929 in America. This crisis was caused by over-production.
4. Downfall of Communist in the World:-
(i) The Soviet Union:- The Soviet Union was a union of 15 republics. On 25 December 1991, Mikhail Gorbacher, who was the President of the Soviet Union ended and there emerged 15 independent republics. The Soviet Union now became Russia Mikhail Gorbacher had started reforms in Russia’s economy. Two Russian words-’ Perestroika”, meaning ‘restructuring’, and ‘Glasnost’, meaning ‘openness’-which were used to describe these reforms.
(ii) Germany:- During the Second World War, Germany surrendered. Germany was divided into four zones. The four powers-Britian, France, America and the Soviet Union were in occupation of one zone each. In 1949, the three zones under the control of Britain, France and America were merged and formed a new state Fedral Republic of Germany. In the same year Soviet occupied zone became a separate state called the German Democratic Republic. The division of Germany into two independent states, was a major consequence of the Second Wolrd War. But on 3 October 1990 the division of Germany was ended and a Unified Germany again emerged. The Berlin wall was opened which was built in 1961.
(iii) Czechoslovakia:- Czechoslavakia which had emeregd as a new state after the First World War has broken up into two independent state-the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.
(iv) Yugoslavia:- The communist government of Yugoslavia had kept itself free from the Soviet Union almost from the beginning. Yugoslavia was one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. It was a federation of Six republics. Here, the rule of the Communist parties came to an end in 1990. By 1992, Yugoslavia broke up into five independent states.
(v) China:- There. were many turmoils in the political and economic life of China after the establishment of communist rule there. China has aimed at modernizing the economy. But in the political life of China, however, there has been little change and it continues to be under the exclusive control of the Communist Party. The demand for democracy voiced by students at Thainman Chowk some years ago was suppressed.
(vi) Warsaw Pact:- As against the western military alliances like NATO, the Soviet Union and the socialist countries of Europe-Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria and the German on Democratic Republic formed the Warraw Pact, m 1991, before the division of Soviet Union, the Warraw Pact dissolved. Communist ruled states were its members. It’”was headed by Soviet Union. In March 1999 some of its members countries like Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic have joint NATO.
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Imperalism and Colonialism in the World:-
1. Belzium:- Zaire (Belzium Cango).
2. France:- Cambodia (Campuchia), Laos Vietnam (These three countries were known as Indo-China), Naizer, Alziria, French Gini, Senegal, Ivory’ Coast, Tunisia, Morocco, Sudan.
3. Netherland (Dutch or Holland):- Indonesia, Surinam.
4. Portugual:- Brazil, Urguve, Mozambique, Angola, Gini Bisau, Cape-Verde Island.
5. Spain:- Prague, Argentina, Chile, Coastarica, Ickuadore, Gwatemala, Cuba, Colombia, Philipience (Earlier of was an American Colony).
6. Britain:- India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma, Uganda, Cania, Tanzania, North Rodesia, (Zambia), South Rodesia (Zimbave), Ghana (Gold Coast)
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Some Important Facts:-
1. In 1945, in Britain, Labour Party won the election and Ateli became the Prime Minister of Britain. At the time when India got independence Ateli was the Prime Minister of Britain.
2. Next to the United States the mightiest power in the world after the Second World War was the Soviet Union.
3. The year 1960 is generally regarded as the Africa Year. In that year, seventeen countries in Africa gained their independence.
4. In Africa, Namibia was the last country to get independence. It got independence in 1990.
5. South Africa has been an independent country in the sense that it was not ruled by another country. The Government of South Africa was however, among the most oppresive regimes in the world in the twentieth century. It was under the exclusive control of the white minority practising the worst form of racism. Under the system of apartheid established in South Africa, all people were classified and separated on the basis of race. The main organization of the South African people which led the movement for ending the rule of the white minority and establishing a non-racist democratic South Africa was the African National Congress (ANC). The African National Congress was banned in 1960 and most of its leaders, were arrested. India had been from the beginning in the forfron tin support of the struggle to dismantle the apartheid regime. India was the first country in the world to sever relations with South Africa. After the imprison of 26 years the leaders of ANC included. Nelson Mandela, were released from jail. In 1994, the general elections took place there and in the leadership of Nelson Mandela, the first democratic government came to power.
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